![]() ![]() 5,6 A total of 540 children were enrolled as subjects. 1, 2 A multi-year prospective epidemiological study investigated the impact of vision and visual skills on elementary school children in Oklahoma. Norms for grades two through eight have been published. 1 Wold did not elaborate on how this information was noted or what one would do with this data. 2-4 Wold recommended that the examiner observe the patient s posture, number of fixations, spacing, vocalization, concentration, attention, fatigue, symbol formation and frustration level while the patient performs the test. (See Appendix A.) The test has subsequently been referenced in several texts and is one of the tests employed by some optometrists to evaluate visual motor skills. 1,a The test consists of a sentence at the top of a page which is to be copied by the subject at the bottom half of the page. Key Words failure criteria, grade norms, Iowa Test of Basic Skills, visual motor integration, Wold sentence Copy Test INTRODUCTION The Wold Sentence Copy Test (Wold) was first described in 1970 as one of a battery of tests recommended to the classroom teacher to identify visual motor difficulties. This criterion was a reliable predictor of performance on the ITBS of greater than five months below the established mean grade score for specified ITBS subtests. A failure criterion for each grade using the new Wold norms represented a score greater than ½ standard deviation below the mean, for a particular grade level. Relative risk generally decreased as grade/age increased. Relative risk of failure for each academic subject was calculated, and the best predictor of academic performance by the Wold score was ascertained. The Wold scores were significantly and directly correlated to most of the ITBS scores when all grades and gender scores were considered. Normative data from this study showed that previously published norms for the reported grades were low. Relative rates of risk for the different ITBS were calculated and failure criteria were developed based upon these relative risks. ![]() ![]() ![]() Several arbitrary failure criteria were analyzed. Correlations were calculated between the Wold score and academic performance as measured by the ITBS. The various demographic variables, of age, gender, grade and race were analyzed to develop Wold norms. Standardized academic performance data (Iowa Test of Basic Skills-ITBS) were furnished by the school system. Some 2561 administrations of the Wold were given to 540 children, grades one through five, in the course of six examination periods over three consecutive school years. In this study we sought to verify and possibly update the previously published school grade specific Wold norms. It is easily administered in a group setting. Abstract The Wold Sentence Copy Test (Wold) is a standardized visual motor test, that was designed to be used as a screening device for teachers, according to the author. 1 & The Wold Sentence Copy Test Academic Performance W.C. ![]()
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